Epidermoids/Dermoids
What are Epidermoids/Dermoids?
Epidermoids and dermoids are rare, usually benign (non-cancerous) cysts that develop from trapped skin or tissue cells during fetal development. They can occur in different parts of the body, including the brain, spine, ovaries, skin, and head and neck region.
What is an Epidermoid Cyst?
An epidermoid cyst is a slow-growing cyst lined with skin-like cells and filled mainly with keratin, a soft, wax-like material made from dead skin cells. These cysts do not usually contain other tissue types such as hair or glands. In the brain or spine, epidermoid cysts may cause symptoms by pressing on nearby nerves or structures.
What is a Dermoid Cyst?
A dermoid cyst is also a developmental cyst, but it is more complex than an epidermoid cyst. It may contain hair follicles, sweat glands, fat, teeth, or other tissue components because it forms from multiple types of embryonic cells. Dermoid cysts are commonly found near the eyes, ovaries, spine, or inside the skull.
What are the Causes of Epidermoids and Dermoids?
Epidermoids and dermoids are mainly caused by developmental abnormalities during fetal growth. They occur when skin or tissue-forming cells become trapped in unusual areas as the body develops before birth. Epidermoid cysts contain mainly skin cells and keratin, while dermoid cysts may also include hair, fat, glands, or teeth because they arise from multiple embryonic tissue layers. In rare cases, epidermoid cysts can develop after injury or surgery when skin cells are implanted into deeper tissues. These cysts usually grow slowly over time.
What are the Signs and Symptoms of Epidermoids and Dermoids?
Symptoms depend on where within the skull these cysts occur.
How are Epidermoids and Dermoids Diagnosed?
Epidermoids and dermoids are diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests. MRI determines the exact location
How are Epidermoids and Dermoids Treated?
Treatment for epidermoids and dermoids depends on the cyst’s size, location, and symptoms. Small cysts that do not cause problems may only require regular monitoring. Symptomatic or enlarging cysts are usually treated with surgical removal.
